A nurse is teaching a client who is to undergo placement of a non-tunneled percutaneous central venous access device. Which of the following Statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

Temperature: 37.4 °C (99.3 °F)

Appendicitis: Mildly elevated temperature can indicate early inflammation of the appendix. Fever is a classic sign of appendicitis.

Crohn’s disease: Low-grade fever can occur during an acute flare.

Intussusception: Often afebrile or low-grade fever; high fever is not typical unless perforation occurs.

Vomiting

Intussusception: Classic symptom; usually sudden onset and may be bilious. Vomiting often occurs with pain episodes.

Appendicitis: Vomiting can occur, often after the onset of abdominal pain.

Crohn’s disease: Vomiting can occur but is less characteristic than in acute obstruction or intussusception.

Stool: Blood and mucus present

Intussusception: “Currant jelly” stool (blood and mucus) is a hallmark finding.

Crohn’s disease: Chronic diarrhea with blood and mucus may occur, especially during a flare.

Appendicitis: Blood in stool is not typical.

Pain rating: Severe pain causing child to draw knees to chest intermittently

Intussusception: Classic colicky, intermittent abdominal pain. Child often draws knees to chest during episodes.

Appendicitis: Pain is usually constant, starting periumbilical and localizing to RLQ. Intermittent severe pain is less typical.

Crohn’s disease: Pain may be chronic or intermittent but not usually in sudden severe colicky episodes.

Abdominal findings: Distension, hypoactive bowel sounds, tenderness in RUQ, palpable mass in RUQ

Intussusception: Palpable “sausage-shaped” mass in RUQ is classic. Distension and hypoactive bowel sounds indicate bowel obstruction.

Crohn’s disease: Abdominal tenderness can occur, but a discrete mass is less common; distension may occur in obstruction.

Appendicitis: Tenderness usually localized to RLQ, not RUQ; palpable mass is uncommon except in advanced cases (abscess).

A. Diuretics should be taken in the morning to reduce nighttime urination. Evening dosing increases nocturia and sleep disruption.

B. Cranberry juice acidifies urine and may prevent infection; it is not contraindicated for incontinence unless otherwise prescribed.

C. Scheduled voiding every 2–3 hours helps retrain bladder muscles, increase bladder capacity, and reduce urgency/frequency episodes. Over time, the intervals are gradually lengthened as control improves.

D. Severe fluid restriction can lead to concentrated urine, bladder irritation, and increased infection risk. Adequate hydration supports urinary tract health.