A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about dietary modifications. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I will limit my intake of bananas and oranges.”
"I will drink at least 3 liters of water every day.”
"I will eat more cheese and yogurt.”
"I will use salt substitutes instead of table salt."
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason:
A client who has chronic kidney disease should limit the intake of bananas and oranges because they are high in potassium, which can accumulate in the blood and cause hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness.
Choice B reason:
A client who has chronic kidney disease should not drink at least 3 liters of water every day because this can cause fluid overload and hypertension. Fluid overload can worsen the kidney function and increase the risk of heart failure and pulmonary edema. Hypertension can damage the blood vessels and organs.
Choice C reason:
A client who has chronic kidney disease should not eat more cheese and yogurt because they are high in phosphorus, which can bind with calcium and cause hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia can lead to muscle cramps, tetany, and osteoporosis. Hyperphosphatemia can cause soft tissue calcification and itching.
Choice D reason:
A client who has chronic kidney disease should not use salt substitutes instead of table salt because they often contain potassium chloride, which can also increase the potassium level in the blood and cause hyperkalemia. Salt substitutes are not recommended for clients who have kidney disease or who are on potassium-sparing diuretics.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
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Choice A reason:
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Administering hypotonic IV fluids is an appropriate intervention for a client who has hypernatremia. Hypotonic fluids have a lower concentration of solutes than the blood, so they can help dilute the excess sodium and rehydrate the cells.
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Choice B reason:
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Monitoring blood glucose levels is not directly related to hypernatremia, although it may be indicated for other reasons, such as diabetes. Hypernatremia can be caused by uncontrolled diabetes, but it is not a consequence of high blood glucose levels.
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Choice C reason:
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Providing oral care every 4 hours is a supportive measure for a client who has hypernatremia, but it is not a specific intervention to correct the electrolyte imbalance. Oral care can help relieve thirst and dry mouth, which are common symptoms of hypernatremia, but it does not address the underlying cause of fluid loss or sodium gain.
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Choice D reason:
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Increasing dietary intake of potassium is not helpful for a client who has hypernatremia. Potassium is another electrolyte that plays a role in fluid balance and nerve function, but it is not affected by hypernatremia. In fact, increasing potassium intake may worsen the condition by causing further dehydration or hyperkalemia (high potassium levels)
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Feeling less thirsty is a sign of improved hydration status and a positive outcome of IV fluid therapy. Thirst is a subjective symptom of dehydration that is triggered by increased osmolality of the blood or decreased blood volume. When IV fluids are administered, they restore the fluid balance and reduce the thirst sensation.
Choice B reason:
Urine that is dark and concentrated is a sign of inadequate hydration and a negative outcome of IV fluid therapy. Urine color and concentration are influenced by the amount of fluid intake and output. When a person is dehydrated, the kidneys conserve water and produce less urine that is more concentrated and darker in color. When IV fluids are administered, they increase the urine output and dilute the urine, making it lighter in color.
Choice C reason:
A heart rate of 110 beats per minute is a sign of tachycardia and a negative outcome of IV fluid therapy. Tachycardia is an abnormal increase in heart rate that can be caused by dehydration, among other factors. Dehydration reduces the blood volume and lowers the blood pressure, which triggers the heart to beat faster to maintain adequate perfusion to the vital organs. When IV fluids are administered, they increase the blood volume and pressure and normalize the heart rate.
Choice D reason:
Having a headache and dizziness is a sign of cerebral dehydration and a negative outcome of IV fluid therapy. Headache and dizziness are common symptoms of dehydration that result from reduced blood flow to the brain and increased osmolality of the blood. When IV fluids are administered, they improve the cerebral perfusion and osmotic balance and relieve the headache and dizziness.
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