A nurse is reviewing a critical pathway for a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

The nurse should understand that a critical pathway:.

Specifies the plan of care for clients with different diagnoses.

Provides guidelines for managing clients with similar health problems.

Describes the roles and responsibilities of each member of the health care team.

Evaluates the quality and cost-effectiveness of care delivered to clients.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A critical pathway provides guidelines for managing clients with similar health problems. According to the definition from Wikipedia, a critical pathway is one of the main tools used to manage the quality in healthcare concerning the standardisation of care processes. It has been shown that their implementation reduces the variability in clinical practice and improves outcomes.

Choice A is wrong because a critical pathway does not specify the plan of care for clients with different diagnoses, but rather for a specific group of patients with a predictable clinical course. Choice C is wrong because a critical pathway does not describe the roles and responsibilities of each member of the health care team, but rather defines, optimizes and sequences the different tasks (interventions) by the professionals involved in the patient care. Choice D is wrong because a critical pathway does not evaluate the quality and cost-effectiveness of care delivered to clients, but rather aims to promote organised and efficient patient care based on evidence-based medicine.

Normal ranges for COPD are: FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.7; FEV1 < 80% predicted; FVC normal or reduced; TLC > 80% predicted; RV > 120% predicted; DLCO < 80% predicted.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Medication administration record.

A medication administration record (MAR) is a document that records the medications that have been given to a patient, including the dose, route, time, and nurse’s initials.

A MAR is an essential part of nursing documentation and ensures safe and accurate medication administration.

Choice A is wrong because a graphic record is a document that shows the trends of vital signs, intake and output, weight, and other measurements over time.

A graphic record does not include information about medications.

Choice B is wrong because a daily care record is a document that records the routine care activities that have been performed for a patient, such as hygiene, nutrition, elimination, mobility, and comfort measures.

A daily care record does not include information about medications.

Choice D is wrong because a client teaching record is a document that records the education that has been provided to a patient or family, such as disease process, medications, diet, exercise, self-care, and discharge planning.

A client teaching record does not include information about medication administration.

CBE documentation is a method of charting by exception that allows the nurse to document only those findings that fall outside the standard of care or norms defined by a specific institution.

CBE documentation reduces the amount of time required to document care and eliminates unnecessary or redundant information.

However, CBE documentation does not apply to medication administration, which must be documented accurately and completely for every patient.

A. It eliminates errors due to illegible handwriting. B. It allows access to multiple clients’ records at once. C. It reduces duplication of documentation among caregivers. D. It provides built-in safeguards to protect confidentiality.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

It reduces duplication of documentation among caregivers.

This is an advantage of using an EHR system because it allows different healthcare providers to access and update the same record, avoiding unnecessary repetition and inconsistency.An EHR system also improves the quality and safety of care by providing clinical decision support, reducing medication errors, and facilitating communication among caregivers.

Choice A is wrong because it is not the only advantage of using an EHR system.While it is true that an EHR system eliminates errors due to illegible handwriting, it may also introduce new types of errors such as data entry mistakes, system failures, or unauthorized access.

Choice B is wrong because it is not an advantage of using an EHR system.

In fact, it may be a disadvantage because it poses a risk to the confidentiality and security of the clients’ records.An EHR system should have built-in safeguards to protect the privacy and integrity of the data, such as encryption, passwords, and audit trails.

Choice D is wrong because it is not an advantage of using an EHR system.It is a requirement of any health record system, whether electronic or paper-based, to comply with the ethical and legal standards of confidentiality.

An EHR system does not provide any additional safeguards that are not already present in a paper-based system.

Normal ranges for vital signs are as follows:.

• Temperature: 36.5°C to 37.5°C (97.7°F to 99.5°F).

• Pulse: 60 to 100 beats per minute.

• Respirations: 12 to 20 breaths per minute.

• Blood pressure: less than 120/80 mm Hg.

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A nurse is reviewing a critical pathway for a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse should understand that a critical pathway:.

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Explanation

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A nurse is reviewing a critical pathway for a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

The nurse should understand that a critical pathway:.