A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching about improving gas exchange with a client who has emphysema. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
Use pursed-lip breathing during periods of dyspnea.
Limit fluid intake to 1,500 ml per day.
Practice chest breathing each day.
Wear home oxygen to maintain an SpO2 of at least 94%.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: This is the correct information, because pursed-lip breathing can help improve gas exchange by creating positive pressure in the airways, preventing air trapping and alveolar collapse, and increasing the exhalation time.
Choice B reason: This is an incorrect information, because limiting fluid intake to 1,500 ml per day can cause dehydration and thickening of the respiratory secretions, which can impair gas exchange and increase the risk of infection.
Choice C reason: This is an incorrect information, because practicing chest breathing each day can worsen gas exchange by increasing the use of accessory muscles, decreasing the diaphragmatic excursion, and reducing the lung expansion.
Choice D reason: This is an incorrect information, because wearing home oxygen to maintain an SpO2 of at least 94% can be harmful for a client who has emphysema, as it can suppress the hypoxic drive and cause carbon dioxide retention, which can lead to respiratory acidosis and coma. The client who has emphysema should wear home oxygen to maintain an SpO2 of 88% to 92%, or as prescribed by the provider.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is an incorrect action, because instructing the client to blink several times after instillation of the medication can cause the medication to drain out of the eye and reduce its effectiveness.
Choice B reason: This is a correct action, but not the best one. Asking the client to look straight ahead during instillation of the medication can help the nurse to aim the drop accurately and avoid touching the eye with the dropper.
Choice C reason: This is the best action, because applying pressure to the bridge of the nose after instillation of the medication can prevent the medication from entering the systemic circulation and causing adverse effects, such as bradycardia, hypotension, or bronchospasm.
Choice D reason: This is an incorrect action, because placing each drop of the medication directly on to the client's cornea can cause irritation, injury, or infection to the eye. The medication should be placed in the lower conjunctival sac of the eye.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Having the client gently blow clots from his nose every 5 min is an incorrect action, because it can increase the bleeding and trauma to the nasal mucosa. The client should avoid blowing or picking his nose.
Choice B reason: Instructing the client to sit with his head hyperextended is an incorrect action, because it can cause the blood to drain into the throat and increase the risk of aspiration or vomiting. The client should sit with his head tilted forward.
Choice C reason: Applying ice compresses to the back of the client’s neck is an incorrect action, because it has no effect on the bleeding site. The nurse should apply ice compresses to the bridge of the nose or the cheeks to constrict the blood vessels and reduce the bleeding.
Choice D reason: Pinching the soft portion of the client’s nose for 10 min is a correct action, because it applies direct pressure to the bleeding site and allows clot formation. The nurse should instruct the client to breathe through his mouth and avoid swallowing the blood.
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