A nurse is providing nutritional education to a client recently diagnosed with high cholesterol. The nurse should provide the client with which statements regarding their diet restrictions?

"Your daily intake of fats should be limited to no more than 35% of your daily caloric intake

"You should avoid trans-fat as much as possible"

"Your main sources of protein should be red meat"

"Fats provide the highest amount of energy per gram"

"Your intake of fats should be unsaturated fats"

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) "Your daily intake of fats should be limited to no more than 35% of your daily caloric intake":

Current dietary guidelines typically recommend limiting fat intake to less than 30% of total daily calories, not 35%, for optimal heart health. This recommendation is slightly higher than what is generally advised for managing high cholesterol.

B) "You should avoid trans-fat as much as possible":

Trans fats significantly increase LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) levels and decrease HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol). Avoiding trans fats is crucial in managing high cholesterol and reducing cardiovascular risk, making this the most important recommendation.

C) "Your main sources of protein should be red meat":

Red meat, particularly processed red meat, is associated with higher cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk. It is generally recommended to choose lean proteins, such as fish, poultry, and plant-based sources, over red meat.

D) "Fats provide the highest amount of energy per gram":

While fats do provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates or proteins, this statement does not directly address the management of cholesterol levels. The focus should be on the type of fats consumed rather than their energy content.

E) "Your intake of fats should be unsaturated fats":

While consuming unsaturated fats is beneficial, avoiding trans fats specifically addresses a more immediate concern for those with high cholesterol. Option B emphasizes the importance of eliminating harmful fats.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Blood pressure 178/90 mm Hg: Elevated blood pressure is more commonly associated with fluid overload or hypertension rather than dehydration. In dehydration, one would expect to see a decrease in blood pressure, particularly orthostatic hypotension, due to a reduction in blood volume.

B) Edema: Edema indicates fluid retention in the tissues, which is a sign of fluid overload rather than dehydration. Dehydration typically results in reduced extracellular fluid volume, leading to symptoms like dry mucous membranes and poor skin turgor, rather than swelling.

C) Bounding bilateral pulses: Bounding pulses are usually seen in conditions of increased cardiac output or fluid overload, where there is an excess of fluid volume. In contrast, dehydration often leads to weak and thready pulses due to decreased circulatory volume.

D) Increased urine specific gravity: Increased urine specific gravity is a direct indicator of dehydration. It occurs because the kidneys concentrate urine to conserve water, leading to a higher concentration of solutes in the urine. This is a reliable clinical marker of reduced hydration status, reflecting the body's attempt to maintain fluid balance by conserving water.

A. The client's daily calorie intake B. The client's waist circumference C. The client's height D. The client's skinfold thickness

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) The client's daily calorie intake: While daily calorie intake is important for understanding a client's nutritional needs and managing their diet, it is not required for calculating BMI. BMI calculation focuses on weight and height rather than caloric intake.

B) The client's waist circumference: Waist circumference is useful for assessing abdominal fat distribution and risk of obesity-related conditions, but it is not needed for calculating BMI. BMI calculation requires height and weight, not waist measurements.

C) The client's height: To calculate BMI, the client's height is essential. BMI is determined by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters (kg/m²). Accurate height measurement is crucial for this calculation.

D) The client's skinfold thickness: Skinfold thickness measurements are used to estimate body fat percentage but are not required for calculating BMI. BMI relies solely on weight and height, not body fat estimates.

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A nurse is providing nutritional education to a client recently diagnosed with high cholesterol. The nurse should provide the client with which statements regarding their diet restrictions?

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