A nurse is providing education to a client diagnosed with congestive heart failure. The client asks, "What are the most common causes of CHF?" How should the nurse respond?

"CHF is primarily caused by infections and viral illnesses."

"The leading causes of CHF are hypertension and coronary artery disease."

"CHF is often a result of excessive physical exertion and overworking the heart."

"The main cause of CHF is anemia and low red blood cell count."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) This choice is incorrect because while infections and viral illnesses can contribute to heart failure in some cases, they are not the leading causes of CHF. Hypertension and coronary artery disease are more common risk factors.

B) This choice is correct. Hypertension (high blood pressure) and coronary artery disease (narrowing or blockage of the heart's blood vessels) are the leading causes of CHF. Both conditions place increased stress on the heart and can lead to heart muscle damage and failure.

C) This choice is incorrect because while excessive physical exertion and overworking the heart can contribute to heart failure, they are not the primary causes of CHF. Underlying conditions like hypertension and coronary artery disease are more significant risk factors.

D) This choice is incorrect because anemia and low red blood cell count can impact heart function, but they are not the main causes of CHF. Hypertension and coronary artery disease are more commonly associated with the development of CHF.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) This choice is incorrect because hypernatremia (high sodium levels) is not a common adverse effect of loop diuretics. Loop diuretics primarily impact sodium and water excretion.

B) This choice is incorrect because hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) is not typically associated with loop diuretics. In fact, loop diuretics can lead to increased potassium excretion, potentially causing hypokalemia.

C) This choice is incorrect because hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) is not a common adverse effect of loop diuretics. Loop diuretics primarily affect sodium, potassium, and water excretion.

D) This choice is correct. Loop diuretics are potent potassium-wasting diuretics, meaning they increase potassium excretion in the urine, potentially causing hypokalemia. The nurse should closely monitor the client's potassium levels and provide potassium supplementation if necessary.

A. Take the medication with food to reduce stomach upset. B. Avoid using erectile dysfunction medications while on nitrate therapy. C. Avoid grapefruit juice while on nitrate therapy. D. Increase the dose if chest pain is not relieved within 15 minutes.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) This choice is incorrect because taking the nitrate medication with food is not necessary. Nitrate medications are usually taken sublingually or by mouth and are not associated with significant stomach upset.

B) This choice is correct. Nitrate medications, such as nitroglycerin, can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure when used concurrently with erectile dysfunction medications, specifically phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5 inhibitors) like sildenafil (Viagra) or tadalafil (Cialis). Clients should be warned against using these medications together to prevent hypotension and potential cardiovascular complications.

C) This choice is incorrect because grapefruit juice is not typically associated with nitrate medications. Grapefruit juice can interact with certain medications, but it is not a known interaction with nitrates.

D) This choice is incorrect because increasing the nitrate dose without healthcare provider guidance can be dangerous. Clients should be instructed to take nitrate medications as prescribed and seek immediate medical attention if chest pain is not relieved within a specific timeframe, as directed by their healthcare provider.

Questions

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A nurse is providing education to a client diagnosed with congestive heart failure. The client asks, "What are the most common causes of CHF?" How should the nurse respond?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client with congestive heart failure who is prescribed a loop diuretic. The nurse should monitor the client for which potential electrolyte imbalance associated with this medication?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client with congestive heart failure is prescribed a nitrate medication. The nurse should instruct the client to:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is providing education to a client with congestive heart failure about managing fluid intake. The nurse should instruct the client to:

A client with congestive heart failure presents with a dry, persistent cough. The nurse should recognize this symptom as:

A client with congestive heart failure is prescribed spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic. The nurse should instruct the client to:

A client with congestive heart failure is prescribed furosemide, a loop diuretic. The nurse should monitor the client for which potential adverse effect of this medication?

A nurse is caring for a client with suspected congestive heart failure. Which blood test is specifically used to measure heart strain and assist in the diagnosis of CHF?

A client with congestive heart failure is prescribed digoxin. The nurse should monitor the client for which common side effect of this medication?

A client with a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus presents to the clinic with complaints of fatigue, difficulty breathing, and frequent urination at night. Which risk factor is most likely contributing to the client's symptoms?

A nurse is auscultating a client's heart sounds and hears a third heart sound (S3). Which finding is consistent with the presence of an S3 sound in a client with congestive heart failure?