A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a client who has phenylketonuria (PKU) and is planning a pregnancy. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the discussion?

"Breastfeeding will prevent your baby from developing PKU."

"Diet sodas should not be consumed more than two or three times per week."

"Serum bilirubin should be monitored one to two times per month during pregnancy."

"A low-protein diet should be followed for 3 months prior to conception."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) Breastfeeding alone cannot prevent a baby from developing phenylketonuria (PKU). PKU is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by the body's inability to process phenylalanine, an amino acid found in protein. Infants with PKU must follow a special low-phenylalanine diet from birth to prevent intellectual disability and other complications. Breast milk contains phenylalanine, so infants with PKU require a special formula that is low in phenylalanine.

B) The consumption of diet sodas is not directly related to the management of phenylketonuria (PKU). Clients with PKU must closely monitor their intake of phenylalanine, an amino acid found in protein-containing foods. Diet sodas typically do not contain protein or phenylalanine, so their consumption is not a primary concern for individuals with PKU.

C) Monitoring serum bilirubin levels is not specific to the management of phenylketonuria (PKU) during pregnancy. Serum bilirubin levels are typically monitored to assess liver function and screen for conditions such as jaundice. While individuals with PKU may require additional monitoring during pregnancy, such as monitoring phenylalanine levels, serum bilirubin levels are not typically a focus of PKU management.

D) Following a low-protein diet for several months prior to conception is an important aspect of managing phenylketonuria (PKU) during pregnancy. High levels of phenylalanine in the mother's blood can cross the placenta and harm the developing fetus, potentially leading to intellectual disability and other complications. By adhering to a low-protein diet before conception, individuals with PKU can lower their phenylalanine levels and reduce the risk of complications during pregnancy.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Folic acid deficiency is not typically associated specifically with a vegan diet. While folate (the natural form of folic acid) is found in higher amounts in animal products like liver, it can also be obtained from plant-based sources such as dark leafy greens, beans, and fortified grains. Therefore, while it's essential for vegans to ensure an adequate intake of folate, deficiency is not necessarily more common in this population compared to others.

B) Vitamin C deficiency is not typically associated specifically with a vegan diet. Vitamin C is abundant in many fruits and vegetables, which are staples of a vegan diet. As long as the individual consumes a variety of fresh produce, they can usually meet their vitamin C needs.

C) Vitamin D deficiency may be more common in individuals following a vegan diet. Vitamin D is primarily found in animal products like fatty fish, liver, and fortified dairy products. While some vegan sources of vitamin D exist, such as fortified plant-based milk and mushrooms exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, they may not provide adequate amounts for some individuals, especially those with limited sun exposure, which is another source of vitamin D synthesis.

D) Magnesium deficiency is not typically associated specifically with a vegan diet. Magnesium is found in a wide variety of foods, including nuts, seeds, whole grains, and leafy green vegetables, which are commonly consumed in a vegan diet. As long as the individual includes these foods regularly in their diet, they are unlikely to develop a magnesium deficiency solely due to being vegan.

A. "This is a cephalhematoma, which can occur spontaneously." B. "Mongolian spots can be found on the skin of many newborns." C. "This is erythema toxicum, which is a transient condition." D. "A caput succedaneum occurs due to compression of blood vessels and will cross the sutures lines on the baby's head

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) "This is a cephalhematoma, which can occur spontaneously":

This is the correct response. A cephalhematoma is a collection of blood between the skull bone and its periosteum and does not cross suture lines. It often develops after vacuum extraction during delivery due to rupture of blood vessels. It is typically benign and resolves on its own over several weeks to months as the blood is reabsorbed by the body. It is important to reassure the mother that this is a common occurrence and usually resolves without intervention.

B) "Mongolian spots can be found on the skin of many newborns":

Mongolian spots are blue-gray birthmarks that commonly appear on the skin of newborns, typically over the buttocks and lower back. They are not related to the swelling on the baby's head and do not cross suture lines.

C) "This is erythema toxicum, which is a transient condition":

Erythema toxicum is a benign rash that appears in many newborns within the first few days of life. It presents as small, yellow or white papules surrounded by erythema and often resolves without treatment within a week. It is not related to the swelling on the baby's head and does not cross suture lines.

D) "A caput succedaneum occurs due to compression of blood vessels and will cross the sutures lines on the baby's head":

While a caput succedaneum is a collection of serosanguinous fluid that crosses suture lines and typically resolves within a few days after birth, it is usually associated with swelling over the presenting part of the fetus during labor, not vacuum extraction. Additionally, caput succedaneum is not typically located on the top of the head, where the swelling from a cephalhematoma would be observed.

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A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to a client who has phenylketonuria (PKU) and is planning a pregnancy. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the discussion?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who follows a vegan diet. The nurse should identify that the client is at risk for which of the following deficiencies?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a newborn delivered by vaginal birth with a vacuum assist. The newborn's mother asks about the swollen area on her son's head. After palpation to identify that the swelling crosses the suture line, which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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