A nurse is planning to administer an ophthalmic medication to a client. Which of the following actions will minimize systemic absorption of the medication?

A. Accountability: Accountability refers to the nurse being responsible for their actions, decisions, and the outcomes of care provided. While important, simply explaining the purpose of a medication does not directly demonstrate accountability.

B. Autonomy: Autonomy involves supporting a client’s right to make informed decisions about their own care. The nurse’s explanation provides information but does not itself constitute enabling the client’s decision-making; additional discussion and consent would be required to demonstrate autonomy.

C. Veracity: Veracity is the ethical principle of truthfulness. By accurately explaining that furosemide is a diuretic that removes excess fluid, the nurse is providing truthful, clear information, allowing the client to understand their treatment and fostering trust.

D. Justice: Justice involves treating clients fairly and equitably, ensuring equal access to care and resources. Explaining the purpose of a prescribed medication is not an example of justice, as it pertains to truthful communication rather than fairness or resource allocation.

A. "A client must withdraw consent for treatment in writing if he is competent to do so.": While written consent is generally required for initiating treatment, a competent client can revoke consent verbally or in writing. Requiring only written withdrawal is not accurate, as verbal refusal also upholds the client’s right to autonomy.

B. "A client who is an immediate danger to herself or others cannot refuse antipsychotic medications.": When a client poses an imminent risk of harm, healthcare providers may administer treatment, including antipsychotic medications, under emergency exceptions to consent laws. This ensures safety for the client and others while adhering to legal and ethical standards in mental health care.

C. "A client who is involuntarily committed loses the right to refuse treatment.": Involuntary commitment allows for hospitalization but does not automatically eliminate the client’s right to refuse treatment. Except in emergencies, treatment generally requires consent or a court order, preserving the client’s rights even during involuntary admission.

D. "A client who refuses to go to group therapy can be discharged for noncompliance.": Refusing group therapy alone is not sufficient cause for discharge, as mental health treatment plans are individualized and client rights to participate or decline interventions are protected. Discharge decisions must consider safety, treatment goals, and legal regulations rather than compliance alone.