A nurse is performing a physical examination on a patient. When the patient is asked to protrude his tongue, the nurse noticed a deviation from the midline to the right side. This is related to a lesion of:

CN V

CN XII

CN VII

CN I

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   The trigeminal nerve (CN V) primarily controls sensation in the face and the muscles of mastication (chewing). While it is crucial for sensory input and motor control related to chewing, it does not directly control the movement of the tongue.
B.   The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is responsible for controlling the movements of the tongue. A lesion of CN XII can cause the tongue to deviate towards the side of the weakness or damage. This is because the hypoglossal nerve innervates the muscles of the tongue, and damage to it results in weakness of the muscles on the affected side, causing the tongue to deviate towards that side when protruded.
C.   The facial nerve (CN VII) controls the muscles of facial expression. While it affects facial movements and expressions, it does not control the movements of the tongue. A lesion in CN VII would typically result in facial asymmetry or weakness rather than tongue deviation.
D.   The olfactory nerve (CN I) is responsible for the sense of smell. It does not have any role in controlling tongue movement. Therefore, a lesion in CN I would not cause deviation of the tongue.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. The Kernig sign is a clinical test used to diagnose meningitis, not stroke. It involves flexing the patient’s hip and knee and then attempting to extend the knee while the hip is flexed. Pain or resistance during this maneuver can suggest meningeal irritation.
B. Arm weakness refers to the loss of strength or control in one or both arms, which can be a sign of a stroke. It may be noticeable when a person is unable to lift their arm or keep it raised.
C. Sudden confusion, trouble understanding, or difficulty speaking can be signs of a stroke. This may involve problems with language or comprehension, which are related to the areas of the brain responsible for these functions.
D. Face drooping, especially on one side of the face, is a classic sign of stroke. It occurs when the muscles on one side of the face weaken or become paralyzed.
E. The Babinski reflex is a test where the sole of the foot is stroked, and the normal response in adults is the downward flexion of the toes. An abnormal Babinski reflex (upward extension of the big toe) can indicate neurological problems but is not a specific warning sign of stroke.
F. Speech difficulty, such as slurred speech or trouble finding words, is a common sign of a stroke. It can involve problems with articulation, coherence, or understanding language.

A. Blurred vision B. Difficulty speaking C. Loss of tactile sensation D. inability to hear high-pitched sounds

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Blurred vision is generally associated with visual system issues, which involve the occipital lobe or the visual pathways rather than the frontal lobe. Broca’s area, located in the frontal lobe, is involved in speech production and not in vision processing.
B. Difficulty speaking is a key symptom associated with damage to Broca’s area, which is located in the frontal lobe and responsible for speech production. A contusion in this area can lead to expressive aphasia, where the individual has trouble forming grammatically correct sentences and articulating words, while comprehension remains relatively intact.
C. Loss of tactile sensation would generally be associated with damage to the parietal lobe, where the primary somatosensory cortex is located. The parietal lobe processes sensory information such as touch, temperature, and pain. Since Broca’s area is located in the frontal lobe and primarily deals with language production, loss of tactile sensation is not typically expected from a frontal lobe contusion affecting Broca's area.
D. Inability to hear high-pitched sounds relates to issues with the auditory pathways or structures involved in hearing, such as the temporal lobe or the auditory cortex, not the frontal lobe. The frontal lobe and Broca’s area do not directly control auditory perception.

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A nurse is performing a physical examination on a patient. When the patient is asked to protrude his tongue, the nurse noticed a deviation from the midline to the right side. This is related to a lesion of:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Stroke Warning signs includes? Select all that applied.

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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