A nurse is organizing the data collected from an assessment of a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse uses a framework that categorizes the data into functional health patterns, such as activity-exercise, nutrition-metabolism, and elimination. What is the name of this framework?

Choice A :

The size, depth, and color of the wound are important indicators of the stage and severity of the pressure ulcer. Measuring these parameters can help monitor the healing process and guide the appropriate treatment.

Choice B:

The presence of drainage, odor, or infection can signal complications or poor healing of the pressure ulcer. Drainage can indicate excessive moisture or exudate that can impair wound healing. Odor can suggest bacterial colonization or necrotic tissue. Infection can cause systemic symptoms such as fever, malaise, or leukocytosis.

Choice C:

The type and frequency of dressing changes are essential components of pressure ulcer management. Dressings should be chosen based on the characteristics of the wound, such as the amount of exudate, the presence of necrotic tissue, or the need for debridement. Dressings should be changed as often as necessary to maintain a moist but not wet environment for wound healing.

Choice D :

The client's pain level and preferred analgesics are important data to collect because pressure ulcers can cause significant discomfort and affect the quality of life of the client. Pain can also interfere with wound healing by increasing stress and inflammation. Analgesics should be prescribed according to the client's needs and preferences, taking into account the potential side effects and interactions.

Choice E :

The client's nutritional status and fluid intake are not part of a problem-focused assessment on a client who has a pressure ulcer on their sacrum. These data are relevant for a comprehensive assessment that includes all aspects of the client's health and well-being. However, a problem-focused assessment is more narrow and specific to the presenting problem or issue. Therefore, choice E is not correct.

Choice A reason:.

Objective data is anything that you can observe through your sense of hearing, sight, smell, and touch while assessing the patient. For example, vital signs, physical examination findings, and laboratory results are objective data. The client's report of feeling thirsty and hungry is not something that the nurse can observe directly, so it is not objective data.

Choice B reason:.

Subjective data is information obtained from the patient and/or family members and offers important cues from their perspectives. For example, the patient's pain level, feelings, beliefs, and preferences are subjective data. The client's report of feeling thirsty and hungry is something that only the client can describe, so it is subjective data. This is the correct answer.

Choice C reason:.

Primary data is information provided directly by the patient. For example, the patient's history, symptoms, and concerns are primary data. The client's report of feeling thirsty and hungry is primary data, but this is not the best answer because it does not specify whether it is subjective or objective. Primary data can be either subjective or objective depending on the source.

Choice D reason:.

Secondary data is information collected from a family member, chart, or other sources. For example, the patient's previous records, family history, and test results are secondary data. The client's report of feeling thirsty and hungry is not secondary data because it comes from the client directly, not from another source.