A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of metastatic lung cancer. The client states, "I can't think about that until after my first grandchild is born next week." The nurse should identify the client's statement as indicating the maladaptive use of which of the following defense mechanisms?

Suppression

Regression

Compensation

Sublimation

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Suppression:
Suppression is a psychological defense mechanism where an individual consciously avoids thinking about certain thoughts, emotions, or impulses. It involves intentionally putting aside disturbing or anxiety-inducing thoughts temporarily. People use suppression as a way to cope with overwhelming emotions or stressful situations by delaying dealing with them until they feel more prepared.

B. Regression:
Regression is a defense mechanism where an individual reverts to a previous stage of development in the face of stressful situations. For example, an adult may exhibit childlike behaviors or emotions during times of high stress. This regression is an unconscious way of seeking comfort and security from an earlier, less stressful time in life.

C. Compensation:
Compensation is a defense mechanism in which an individual tries to make up for a perceived deficiency in one area by excelling in another. For instance, someone who feels unattractive might compensate by becoming exceptionally skilled in a particular talent. Compensation involves overachieving in one area to cover up feelings of inadequacy in another.

D. Sublimation:
Sublimation is a defense mechanism where socially unacceptable impulses or urges are channeled into socially acceptable and productive activities. For example, someone with aggressive tendencies might channel their aggression into sports or artistic pursuits. Sublimation involves transforming negative emotions or desires into positive, socially acceptable behaviors.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Recommend that the client participate in more solitary activities.
This option is not suitable because encouraging solitary activities may lead to further isolation, which can worsen the client's depressive feelings. Social support and connection are often crucial during the grieving process.

B. Explain to the client that the duration of grief is highly variable and can last for years.
This is the correct choice. Grief is a complex and individual process, and there is no specific timeline for how long it should last. Some people may continue to experience feelings of sadness and loss for an extended period after the death of a loved one. Validating the client's emotions and letting them know that their experience is within the range of normal can be comforting.

C. Encourage the client to avoid discussing the events surrounding the sibling's death.
This option is not recommended. Encouraging the client to avoid discussing their feelings can hinder the healing process. Open communication about the loss can help the client process their emotions and find ways to cope.

D. Caution the client against feeling angry at the sibling.
This option is not appropriate. Allowing the client to express their feelings, including anger, is a healthy part of the grieving process. Suppressing emotions, including anger, can lead to complications in the grieving process. It is essential to acknowledge and validate all the client's emotions.

A. Aspartate aminotransferase 20 units/L B. Platelets 250.000/mm3 C. Sodium 140 mEq/L D. Fasting glucose 175 mg/dL

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Aspartate aminotransferase 20 units/L:
This result indicates the level of an enzyme in the blood. A value of 20 units/L is within the normal range (usually 10-40 units/L). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found in the liver, heart, muscles, and other tissues. Elevated levels might indicate liver damage, but 20 units/L is a normal value.

B. Platelets 250,000/mm3:
Platelets are components of blood that help with clotting. A value of 250,000/mm3 is within the normal range (normal range is typically 150,000 to 450,000/mm3). Normal platelet levels are crucial for preventing excessive bleeding or clotting.

C. Sodium 140 mEq/L:
Sodium is an electrolyte essential for maintaining the body's water balance and nerve function. A level of 140 mEq/L falls within the normal range (typically 135-145 mEq/L). Proper sodium levels are important for overall body functioning.

D. Fasting glucose 175 mg/dL:
This indicates the concentration of glucose (sugar) in the blood after a period of fasting. A level of 175 mg/dL is elevated. Fasting glucose levels above 125 mg/dL may suggest diabetes or prediabetes. Elevated glucose levels are a cause for concern as they indicate poor blood sugar regulation, which can lead to various health complications, including diabetes.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is interviewing a client who reports ongoing feelings of depression after the death of his sibling 9 months ago. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse in a mental health clinic is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has a prescription for risperidone. For which of the following findings should the nurse notify the provider?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is providing teaching about disorder management for a client who has posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

A nurse in a long-term care facility is assessing a client who has dementia. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk for this client?

A nurse is caring for a client who is seeking treatment for opioid use disorder. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A nurse is collecting a history from a client who has depression. Which of the following statements by the client should the nurse identify as a protective factor against suicide?

A nurse is assessing a client who has been receiving electroconvulsive therapy. Which of the following findings indicates the treatment is effective?

A nurse is leading a critical incident stress debriefing with a group of staff members following a mass trauma Incident. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take first?

A nurse is leading a group of clients who have anxiety disorders. Which of the following actions should the nurse take during the working phase of therapy?

A nurse is caring for a client who is starting treatment for substance use disorder. Which of the following actions indicates the nurse is practicing the ethical principle of nonmaleficence?