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A nurse is caring for a child with moderate dehydration.
What is the appropriate fluid deficit calculation for a child who weighs 12 kg?

Fluid deficit (in mL) = body weight (in kg) x 0.03.

Fluid deficit (in mL) = body weight (in kg) x 0.06.

Fluid deficit (in mL) = body weight (in kg) x 0.1.

Fluid deficit (in mL) = body weight (in kg) x 0.04.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale:

Fluid deficit (in mL) = body weight (in kg) x 0.03.

Rationale: This calculation significantly underestimates the fluid deficit for a child with moderate dehydration.

Dehydration often requires more significant fluid replacement.

Choice B rationale:

Fluid deficit (in mL) = body weight (in kg) x 0.06.

Rationale: This calculation overestimates the fluid deficit for a child with moderate dehydration.

Using this formula would result in excessive fluid replacement, which can be harmful.

Choice C rationale:

Fluid deficit (in mL) = body weight (in kg) x 0.1.

Rationale: This calculation overestimates the fluid deficit for a child with moderate dehydration.

Using this formula would result in excessive fluid replacement, which can be harmful.

Choice D rationale:

Fluid deficit (in mL) = body weight (in kg) x 0.04.

Rationale: This is The correct answer.

The appropriate fluid deficit calculation for a child who weighs 12 kg with moderate dehydration is to multiply their body weight by 0.04.

For this child, it would be 12 kg x 0.04 = 480 mL.

This formula is a commonly used guideline to estimate fluid deficit in cases of dehydration.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Thirst and dry mouth are early signs of dehydration.

When the body loses fluids, it signals the brain to increase thirst and conserve water.

Dry mouth can occur due to reduced saliva production when the body is dehydrated.

Choice B rationale:

Decreased urine output and dark-colored urine are indicators of concentrated urine, suggesting dehydration.

Reduced fluid intake or excessive fluid loss can lead to decreased urine production, and the urine becomes more concentrated, appearing darker than usual.

Choice C rationale:

Rapid heart rate and low blood pressure are signs of hypovolemic shock, a severe form of dehydration where the body cannot circulate enough blood to meet its needs.

This can happen in severe cases of dehydration when there is a significant loss of fluids and electrolytes.

Choice D rationale:

Poor skin turgor is a classic clinical sign of dehydration.

Skin turgor refers to the skin's ability to return to its normal position after being pinched.

In dehydrated individuals, the skin loses elasticity and remains tented or "pinched" after being pulled up.

This indicates a lack of fluid in the body.

Choice E rationale:

Increased energy and playfulness are not typical signs of dehydration.

Dehydrated children are more likely to be lethargic and irritable due to the physiological stress on their bodies.

A. Sunken fontanelle (in infants). B. Increased urine output. C. Dry mucous membranes. D. Normal skin turgor. E. Lethargy.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

Sunken fontanelle (in infants).

C. Dry mucous membranes.

E. Lethargy.

Choice A rationale:

Sunken fontanelle (in infants) is a clinical sign of dehydration.

The fontanelle is the soft spot on an infant's head, and when it becomes sunken, it suggests that the child is dehydrated.

This occurs because a lack of adequate fluid causes the brain to temporarily shrink, leading to the sunken appearance.

Choice B rationale:

Increased urine output is not typically a sign of dehydration.

In fact, dehydration often leads to decreased urine output as the body attempts to conserve fluid.

Increased urine output can be a sign of other conditions, such as diabetes.

Choice C rationale:

Dry mucous membranes are a classic sign of dehydration.

When the body lacks sufficient fluids, the mucous membranes in the mouth and other areas can become dry and sticky.

This is an important clinical indicator of dehydration.

Choice D rationale:

Normal skin turgor is not a sign of dehydration.

Skin turgor refers to the skin's ability to bounce back when pinched and released.

In a hydrated individual, the skin should have good turgor.

Dehydration can lead to poor skin turgor, but normal skin turgor does not indicate dehydration.

Choice E rationale:

Lethargy is a potential sign of dehydration.

When a child is dehydrated, they may become lethargic or unusually tired because their body is not receiving the necessary fluids to function properly.

Lethargy can be an early sign of dehydration in children.

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A nurse is caring for a child with moderate dehydration.What is the appropriate fluid deficit calculation for a child who weighs 12 kg?

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A nurse is caring for a child with moderate dehydration.
What is the appropriate fluid deficit calculation for a child who weighs 12 kg?