A nurse is assessing a patient with bulimia nervosa. Which of the following cardiovascular symptoms would the nurse expect to find?
Bradycardia and tachycardia.
Hypertension and mitral valve prolapse.
Orthostatic hypotension and arrhythmias.
Pericardial effusion and cardiomyopathy.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale:
Bradycardia and tachycardia. While these cardiovascular symptoms can occur in eating disorders, they are more commonly associated with anorexia nervosa rather than bulimia nervosa. Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is often seen in individuals with severe anorexia due to the body's adaptive response to conserve energy. Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) can occur as a compensatory mechanism in response to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, particularly in those with anorexia. However, in bulimia nervosa, the rapid cycle of binge eating and purging is more likely to lead to electrolyte imbalances that cause other symptoms.
Choice B rationale:
Hypertension and mitral valve prolapse. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is not a common cardiovascular symptom of bulimia nervosa. Mitral valve prolapse, which involves the improper closing of the heart's mitral valve, is also not a typical cardiovascular manifestation of bulimia nervosa. Eating disorders primarily affect the electrical conduction system of the heart and can lead to rhythm disturbances.
Choice C rationale:
Orthostatic hypotension and arrhythmias. This is the correct choice. Orthostatic hypotension, which is a drop in blood pressure upon standing, is a common cardiovascular symptom of bulimia nervosa. It is often a result of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances caused by frequent vomiting and laxative use. Arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms) can also occur due to electrolyte imbalances, particularly low levels of potassium, which can disrupt the heart's electrical activity.
Choice D rationale:
Pericardial effusion and cardiomyopathy. While pericardial effusion (accumulation of fluid around the heart) and cardiomyopathy (disease of the heart muscle) can occur in individuals with eating disorders, they are not the most common cardiovascular symptoms. These conditions usually result from prolonged malnutrition and severe electrolyte imbalances, which can occur in both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. However, orthostatic hypotension and arrhythmias are more characteristic of bulimia nervosa.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Monitoring vital signs and weight (choice A) is crucial for patients with eating disorders, but it focuses mainly on the physical aspect of care. The emotional and psychological aspects are equally important and need attention.
Choice B rationale:
This is the correct intervention. Patients with eating disorders often struggle with body image and self-esteem issues. Providing emotional support and promoting self-esteem can contribute to their overall well-being and recovery.
Choice C rationale:
Assessing nutritional needs and developing a meal plan (choice C) is an essential component of care for patients with eating disorders. However, it primarily addresses the physical aspect of the disorder and doesn't fully encompass the emotional and psychological dimensions.
Choice D rationale:
Respecting the patient's beliefs and values (choice D) is a fundamental aspect of patient-centered care, but it's not the most specific intervention for addressing the complex needs of someone with an eating disorder. Additional supportive actions are necessary.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
This choice is accurate. Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, can indeed lead to serious medical and psychological consequences. Individuals with these disorders may experience electrolyte imbalances, heart problems, gastrointestinal issues, and severe emotional distress.
Choice B rationale:
This choice is accurate. Eating disorders are more common among adolescents and young adults. These age groups are particularly vulnerable due to factors like body image concerns, peer pressure, and societal influences that emphasize thinness.
Choice C rationale:
This choice is accurate. Eating disorders are influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, environmental, and cultural factors. Genetic predisposition, psychological stressors, societal beauty standards, and family dynamics can all contribute to the development of eating disorders.
Choice D rationale:
This choice is incorrect. Eating disorders do not exclusively affect females. While historically, eating disorders have been associated with females, males can also develop eating disorders. The prevalence of eating disorders in males has been increasing, emphasizing the need to recognize and address these disorders in all genders.
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