A nurse in the ED is assessing a client who is taking warfarin and experiencing rectal bleeding. Which of the following drugs should the nurse anticipate administering to the client?

Heparin

Vitamin K

Iron

Protamine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason:

Administering Heparin to a patient who is already taking Warfarin and experiencing rectal bleeding is not appropriate. Heparin is an anticoagulant, similar to Warfarin, and would not help in reversing the anticoagulant effects of Warfarin. Instead, it could potentially exacerbate the bleeding.

Choice B reason:

Vitamin K is the correct answer because it acts as an antidote to Warfarin. Warfarin works by inhibiting the synthesis of Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, so administering Vitamin K helps to reverse the effects of Warfarin and promote blood clotting, which is necessary to control the rectal bleeding in this patient.

Choice C reason:

Iron is not the appropriate treatment for rectal bleeding due to Warfarin. While iron supplements can help with anemia (which might result from chronic blood loss), they do not address the immediate need to reverse the anticoagulant effects of Warfarin and stop the active bleeding.

Choice D reason:

Protamine is used to reverse the effects of Heparin, not Warfarin. Therefore, administering Protamine would not be effective in addressing the Warfarin-induced rectal bleeding in this patient.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason:

While preparing the gastrointestinal tract for enteral feedings is important, it is not the primary reason for administering famotidine. Famotidine is typically used to reduce gastric acid production, not to prepare the GI tract for feedings.

Choice B reason:

Increasing the motility of the gastrointestinal tract is not the primary function of famotidine. Famotidine is an H2 receptor antagonist that works by decreasing the production of stomach acid.

Choice C reason:

Keeping the gastrointestinal tract functioning normally is a broad statement and does not specifically address the reason for administering famotidine. The drug's role in preventing stress ulcers is more relevant to the patient's current condition.

Choice D reason:

Famotidine is used to prevent stress ulcers, which can occur in critically ill patients, including those on mechanical ventilation. The stress of illness and mechanical ventilation increases the risk of developing gastric ulcers, and famotidine helps reduce this risk by decreasing gastric acid secretion.

A. Autonomic dysreflexia B. Ischemia C. Edema D. Axial loading E. Hemorrhage

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Autonomic dysreflexia is a serious condition that can occur in individuals with spinal cord injuries, particularly those at or above the T6 level. It is a secondary injury mechanism that results from the autonomic nervous system's abnormal response to stimuli below the level of injury, leading to severe hypertension and other complications.

Choice B reason:

Ischemia, or reduced blood flow, is a common cause of secondary injury following a spinal cord injury. It can result from initial trauma or subsequent swelling and vascular damage, leading to further cell death and tissue damage.

Choice C reason:

Edema, or swelling, is another cause of secondary injury in spinal cord injuries. The inflammatory response to injury can cause fluid accumulation, increasing pressure within the spinal column and exacerbating damage to spinal cord tissues.

Choice D reason:

Axial loading is a primary mechanism of spinal cord injury, not a secondary injury cause. It refers to the vertical force applied along the axis of the spine, typically resulting from falls or direct blows, leading to compression and potential fractures.

Choice E reason:

Hemorrhage, or bleeding, is a significant cause of secondary injury in spinal cord trauma. It can result from blood vessel damage at the injury site, leading to increased pressure, further tissue damage, and impaired blood flow.

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A nurse in the ED is assessing a client who is taking warfarin and experiencing rectal bleeding. Which of the following drugs should the nurse anticipate administering to the client?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is on mechanical ventilation and the client's spouse wonders why famotidine is needed since the client "only has lung problems." What response by the nurse is best?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nursing student studying spinal cord injury recognizes all of the following to be causes of secondary injuries:

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

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