A nurse in a clinic is assessing a 9-month-old infant.
Which of the following findings requires further intervention?

The correct answer is Choice B.

Choice A rationale

Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used for long-term control and prevention of asthma symptoms. It is not a rescue medication and does not provide immediate relief during an acute asthma attack. Montelukast works by reducing inflammation and preventing bronchoconstriction, but its effects are not rapid enough to address the immediate needs of a patient experiencing an acute asthma attack.

Choice B rationale

Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) that provides rapid bronchodilation and is the first-line treatment for acute asthma attacks. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, leading to quick relief of bronchospasm and improved airflow. Administering albuterol promptly can help alleviate symptoms and prevent the progression of an asthma attack, making it the priority medication in this scenario.

Choice C rationale

Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid used for long-term control of asthma. It helps reduce inflammation in the airways and prevent asthma symptoms but is not effective as a rescue medication during an acute asthma attack. Inhaled corticosteroids are typically used as part of a daily maintenance regimen to manage chronic asthma and prevent exacerbations.

Choice D rationale

Budesonide is another inhaled corticosteroid used for long-term asthma control. Like fluticasone, it helps reduce airway inflammation and prevent asthma symptoms but is not suitable for immediate relief during an acute asthma attack. Inhaled corticosteroids are

important for managing chronic asthma but do not provide the rapid bronchodilation needed in an emergency situation.

The correct answer is Choice B.

Choice A rationale

Treating upper respiratory infections with over-the-counter medication is not recommended for children with sickle cell anemia. These children are at higher risk for infections and complications, and any signs of infection should be promptly evaluated by a healthcare provider.

Choice B rationale

Ensuring a consistent and daily intake of adequate fluids is crucial for preventing dehydration in children with sickle cell anemia. Dehydration can trigger a sickle cell crisis, leading to severe pain and other complications.

Choice C rationale

Avoiding immunizations is incorrect. Children with sickle cell anemia should receive all recommended vaccinations to prevent infections, which can be more severe in these children.

Choice D rationale

Suggesting that the child participate in sports activities without restriction is not advisable. Children with sickle cell anemia should avoid strenuous activities that can lead to dehydration and trigger a sickle cell crisis. .