A nurse auscultates a client's lung sounds and identifies crackles in the left lower lobe. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take

Place the client on bed rest in a semi-Fowler's position.

Instruct the client to limit fluid intake to less than 2.000 mL/day.

Prepare to administer antibiotics.

Repeat auscultation after asking the client to breathe deeply and cough

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Explanation: Crackles are abnormal lung sounds that may indicate the presence of fluid or mucus in the lungs. Placing the client on bed rest in a semi-Fowler position helps to improve lung expansion and oxygenation by reducing the pressure on the diaphragm, promoting optimal lung ventilation, and facilitating drainage of fluid from the affected area of the lung.

The other interventions are not appropriate for crackles in the left lower lobe:

B-Instructing the client to limit fluid intake to less than 2,000 mL/day is not indicated for crackles. Fluid restriction is more commonly used in conditions like congestive heart failure where there is excessive fluid retention.

C- Preparing to administer antibiotics is not the first intervention for crackles. Crackles can be caused by various conditions, and antibiotics would only be administered if there is an underlying infection requiring treatment.

D- Repeating auscultation after asking the client to breathe deeply and cough may help the nurse gather more information about the client's lung sounds, but it does not address the immediate need for improving lung expansion and oxygenation in the presence of crackles.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Objective data:

Blood pressure (can be measured by the nurse)

Cyanosis (can be observed by the nurse)

Petechiae (can be observed by the nurse)

So, the subjective data in this list is "Nausea." This is information that the client shares with the nurse about their symptoms or feelings.

The objective data includes A-"Blood pressure," B-"Cyanosis," and D-"Petechiae," which are findings that the nurse can measure or observe during the physical examination.

A. Accept the client's decision and continue to maintain safety. B. Obtain a discharge order for nonadherence to the medication regimen. C. Restrain the client and give the medication intramuscularly. D. Inform the client that refusing the medication means not getting any better.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Every individual has the right to refuse medical treatment, including medications, as long as they are competent to make that decision. It is essential to respect the client's autonomy and right to make decisions about their own health care. When a client refuses medication, the nurse should document the refusal, inform the healthcare provider, and explore the reasons behind the refusal if possible.

The other options are not appropriate for the following reasons:

B- Obtaining a discharge order for nonadherence: While it is essential to address nonadherence to medication, discharging the client solely for refusing the medication may not be the best course of action. Instead, the nurse should work collaboratively with the healthcare team to address the client's concerns and explore alternative treatment options.

C- Restraining the client and giving the medication intramuscularly: Restraints should only be used as a last resort when a client presents an imminent danger to themselves or others, and it must be done in accordance with facility policies and legal regulations. Using restraints to administer medication against a client's will is a violation of their rights and is not an appropriate response to medication refusal.

D-Informing the client that refusing the medication means not getting any better: This response may be seen as coercive and manipulative. It is not ethical to use fear or guilt to persuade a client to take medication against their will. Instead, the nurse should provide information about the potential benefits and risks of the medication and address the client's concerns or fears about the treatment. Ultimately, the decision to take the medication should be left to the client after they have been fully informed about their options.

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A nurse auscultates a client's lung sounds and identifies crackles in the left lower lobe. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take

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