A glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of indicates renal failure.
60-89 mL/min/1.73m2
30-59 mL/min/173m2
15-29 mL/min/173m2
<15 mL/min/173m2
The Correct Answer is D
A. 60–89 mL/min/1.73m²: This range indicates mildly decreased GFR, often classified as Stage 2 chronic kidney disease. Renal function is still relatively preserved and not considered renal failure at this stage.
B. 30–59 mL/min/1.73m²: This reflects a moderate decrease in GFR, typically Stage 3 CKD. Although kidney function is significantly impaired, it is not yet categorized as renal failure.
C. 15–29 mL/min/1.73m²: This GFR indicates severe kidney impairment and is classified as Stage 4 CKD. While this stage shows significant dysfunction, renal failure is generally diagnosed at lower values.
D. <15 mL/min/1.73m²: A GFR below 15 signals end-stage renal disease (ESRD), also referred to as renal failure. At this stage, dialysis or kidney transplantation is usually necessary to sustain life.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Azotemia: Azotemia, or elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, is a common feature of glomerulonephritis due to reduced kidney filtration capacity and accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood.
B. Hematuria with red cell casts: Hematuria with red blood cell casts is a classic hallmark of glomerulonephritis, indicating glomerular bleeding and inflammation. These casts are formed in the nephron and reflect active glomerular injury.
C. Oliguria and hypertension: Both are characteristic findings in glomerulonephritis. Oliguria results from impaired filtration, while hypertension develops due to fluid retention and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
D. An increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of >100: Glomerulonephritis typically leads to a decreased GFR, not an increase. Inflammation and damage to the glomeruli impair the kidneys' ability to filter blood effectively, resulting in reduced GFR and waste accumulation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Urine output <30mL/hour: Oliguria is defined as a markedly reduced urine output, typically less than 400 mL per day or less than 30 mL per hour. It indicates decreased kidney function or perfusion and is common in progressive renal conditions.
B. Absence of urine output: This describes anuria, not oliguria. Anuria is defined as urine output less than 100 mL per day and signifies severe kidney failure or complete urinary tract obstruction.
C. Increased urine output: This describes polyuria, often associated with conditions like uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus, not oliguria.
D. Urine output >100mL/hour: This is well above the threshold for oliguria and may suggest diuresis or overhydration. It does not meet the criteria for decreased kidney output.
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