A client has been prescribed insulin based on carbohydrate counting adjustments. The carbohydrate ratio is 1:10, the premeal target blood sugar is 110, and the high blood sugar correction factor is 50. The client’s premeal blood sugar was 225 and they consumed the following for dinner: 6 ounces baked chicken breast (0 g), 1 cup brown rice (45 g), 1 cup steamed broccoli (12 g), 2 TBS margarine (0 g). How many units of insulin will the nurse administer for the carbohydrates that were consumed?
4.5 units
5.7 units
6.2 units
7.1 units
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
This choice suggests that the nurse would administer 4.5 units of insulin for the carbohydrates consumed. However, this is not accurate. The carbohydrate ratio is 1:10, meaning 1 unit of insulin is needed for every 10 grams of carbohydrates. The client consumed 57 grams of carbohydrates (45g from rice + 12g from broccoli). Therefore, the calculation would be 57g ÷ 10 = 5.7 units of insulin. This choice underestimates the amount of insulin needed, which could lead to hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar.
Choice B rationale
This choice is correct. The client’s carbohydrate ratio is 1:10, meaning 1 unit of insulin is needed for every 10 grams of carbohydrates. The client consumed 57 grams of carbohydrates (45g from rice + 12g from broccoli). Therefore, the calculation would be 57g ÷ 10 = 5.7 units of insulin. This amount of insulin would help to properly metabolize the carbohydrates consumed and maintain the client’s blood sugar within the target range.
Choice C rationale
This choice suggests that the nurse would administer 6.2 units of insulin for the carbohydrates consumed. However, this is not accurate. The carbohydrate ratio is 1:10, meaning 1 unit of insulin is needed for every 10 grams of carbohydrates. The client consumed 57 grams of carbohydrates (45g from rice + 12g from broccoli). Therefore, the calculation would be 57g ÷ 10 = 5.7 units of insulin. This choice overestimates the amount of insulin needed, which could lead to hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar.
Choice D rationale
This choice suggests that the nurse would administer 7.1 units of insulin for the carbohydrates consumed. However, this is not accurate. The carbohydrate ratio is 1:10, meaning 1 unit of insulin is needed for every 10 grams of carbohydrates. The client consumed 57 grams of carbohydrates (45g from rice + 12g from broccoli). Therefore, the calculation would be 57g ÷ 10 = 5.7 units of insulin. This choice significantly overestimates the amount of insulin needed, which could lead to hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Peripheral edema is not a common side effect of stopping steroids early. Peripheral edema is often associated with conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease.
Choice B rationale
Low blood pressure is a common side effect when a person stops taking steroids like prednisone abruptly. Prednisone is a glucocorticoid, a type of steroid that works to mimic the effects of cortisol, a hormone that the adrenal glands produce. The body uses cortisol to regulate the heart rate and blood pressure. When a person takes prednisone for longer than a few weeks, the body reduces the amount of cortisol it makes. When a person suddenly stops taking prednisone, the body cannot immediately produce enough cortisol to make up for the missing drug. This results in withdrawal symptoms, including low blood pressure.
Choice C rationale
Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, is not typically a withdrawal symptom of stopping steroids early. While long-term use of steroids can lead to increased blood sugar levels, stopping the medication does not typically cause hyperglycemia.
Choice D rationale
Weight loss can be a symptom of steroid withdrawal, but it is not the most immediate or common symptom that would be anticipated in a client who stopped taking their prescribed steroids early. More common symptoms include fatigue, joint pain, and low blood pressure.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While staying hydrated is generally good advice, drinking at least 2 liters of water a day is not specifically related to preventing antibiotic resistance.
Choice B rationale
Taking antibiotics on-time around the clock is crucial for maintaining therapeutic levels of the medication in the body. This helps to effectively kill the bacteria and prevent them from developing resistance.
Choice C rationale
Eating a serving of yogurt every day can help maintain gut health during antibiotic treatment, but it does not directly prevent antibiotic resistance.
Choice D rationale
Stopping antibiotics when symptoms resolve can actually contribute to antibiotic resistance. Even if symptoms have improved, bacteria may still be present. Stopping treatment early gives these bacteria a chance to survive and develop resistance.
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