Which muscle of the quadriceps femoris group lies on the side surface of the lower extremity?

 

The correct answer is choice D. Dermal papillae. Dermal papillae are the projections of the dermis that create the ridges and grooves on the surface of the skin, which are responsible for fingerprints.

Choice A is wrong because Merkel cells are touch receptor cells located at the tip of the epidermal ridges, not the dermal papillae.

Choice B is wrong because arrector pili are smooth muscles attached to hair follicles, which cause goose bumps when contracted, not fingerprints.

Choice C is wrong because sudoriferous glands are sweat glands that secrete fluid onto the skin surface, not fingerprints.

Digestion begins in the mouth, where the teeth break down the food and the saliva contains enzymes that start to break down carbohydrates. This process is called ingestion.

Choice A is wrong because the esophagus is a thin tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. It does not digest food, but moves it through peristalsis, which are wave-like contractions of the muscles in the gut wall.

Choice C is wrong because the stomach is a muscular bag that mixes food with acid and enzymes. It does not start digestion, but continues it, especially for proteins.

Choice D is wrong because the small intestine is where most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place. It receives enzymes and bile from the pancreas and liver, which help to break down carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.

This is because the anatomical position is a standard position that serves as a reference for the body. A person is said to be in anatomical position when they are standing erect with their feet together, their hands at their side, with the palms facing forward. Unless otherwise stated, most anatomical descriptions will refer to a person when in anatomical position.

Choice A is wrong because palms of the hand facing medially means that the palms are facing toward the midline of the body, which is not the case in anatomical position.

Choice B is wrong because palms of the hand facing laterally means that the palms are facing away from the midline of the body, which is also not the case in anatomical position.

Choice D is wrong because palms of the hands facing posteriorly means that the palms are facing toward the back of the body, which is opposite to the anatomical position.

The correct answer is choice C. DNA. DNA carries the genetic information in the cells of all living organisms. It contains codes for the assembly of amino acids into all the proteins required in the body. The sequence of bases in a DNA molecule can determine the order of amino acids in a protein molecule. Groups of three bases called codons represent different amino acids. This is the basis of the genetic code.

Choice A is wrong because mRNA is a type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis takes place.

mRNA is not the original carrier of the genetic code, but a messenger that transfers it.

Choice B is wrong because tRNA is a type of RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosomes, where they are joined together to form proteins. tRNA has a complementary sequence to mRNA, called an anticodon, that allows it to pair with the correct codon on mRNA.

Choice D is wrong because chromosomes are structures made of DNA and proteins that contain many genes.

Chromosomes are not the carriers of the genetic code, but the structures that organize and store it.

Choice E is wrong because nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA. Nucleotides are composed of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

Nucleotides are not the carriers of the genetic code, but the units that make up the code.