Which hormone is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

The tibialis anterior muscle is located in the lower leg, on the lateral side of the tibia.

It originates from the lateral condyle and surface of the tibia and the interosseous membrane, and inserts into the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot. It acts to dorsiflex and invert the foot.

Choice A is wrong because the upper arm does not contain the tibialis anterior muscle.

The upper arm contains muscles such as biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and brachialis.

Choice C is wrong because the thigh does not contain the tibialis anterior muscle.

The thigh contains muscles such as quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, and adductors.

Choice D is wrong because the abdomen does not contain the tibialis anterior muscle.

The abdomen contains muscles such as rectus abdominis, obliques, and transversus abdominis.

The esophagus is located in the thoracic cavity, which is the space between the lungs and the chest wall. The thoracic cavity also contains the heart, aorta, trachea, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes.

Choice A is wrong because the ventral cavity is a general term for the body cavity that includes the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Choice B is wrong because the abdominal cavity is the space below the diaphragm that contains the stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

Choice D is wrong because the dorsal cavity is another general term for the body cavity that includes the cranial and spinal cavities.

Vastus lateralis. This is because the vastus lateralis is one of the four muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris group, along with the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.

These muscles are located in the anterior and lateral sides of the thigh and are responsible for extending the knee and flexing the hip.

Choice A. Gastrocnemius is wrong because it is not part of the quadriceps femoris group, but rather a muscle of the posterior leg that plantarflexes the ankle and flexes the knee.

Choice B. Trapezius is wrong because it is not part of the quadriceps femoris group, but rather a muscle of the back and neck that elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula.

Choice D. Rectus abdominis is wrong because it is not part of the quadriceps femoris group, but rather a muscle of the anterior abdominal wall that flexes the trunk and compresses the abdomen.

Diaphysis. The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The distal region of the humerus is the lower area of the humerus that is closest to the elbow.

Therefore, a fracture in the distal region of the humerus would affect the diaphysis.

Choice A is wrong because epiphysis is the wider section at each end of the bone that is filled with spongy bone.

The epiphysis is not part of the shaft of the bone.

Choice B is wrong because endosteum is the delicate membranous lining of the medullary cavity, where bone growth, repair, and remodeling occur.

The endosteum is not a region of the bone, but a tissue that lines the inner surface.

Choice C is wrong because perichondrium is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage of developing bone.

The perichondrium is not a part of the bone itself, but a covering that helps with nourishment and growth.