What stimulates the chemoreceptors to function?
Increase in blood pressure
Decrease in heart rate
Pulmonary congestion
Rise in CO2 and fall in O2.
Correct Answer : D
Chemoreceptors are specialized sensory receptors that detect changes in the chemical composition of the blood, such as the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2) and the pH level.
Chemoreceptors can be classified into two types: peripheral and central. Peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic and carotid bodies and they mainly respond to low PO2, but also to high PCO2 and low pH. Central chemoreceptors are located in the brainstem and they mainly respond to high PCO2 and low pH, which reflect the concentration of hydrogen ions in the cerebrospinal fluid. Both types of chemoreceptors send signals to the respiratory and cardiovascular centers in the brainstem, which regulate breathing and blood pressure accordingly.
Increase in blood pressure. This statement is wrong because blood pressure is not directly sensed by chemoreceptors, but by baroreceptors, which are different types of sensory receptors located in the walls of blood vessels. Decrease in heart rate. This statement is wrong because heart rate is not directly sensed by chemoreceptors, but by cardiac receptors, which are different types of sensory receptors located in the atria and ventricles of the heart.Pulmonary congestion. This statement is wrong because pulmonary congestion is not directly sensed by chemoreceptors, but by pulmonary stretch receptors, which are different types of sensory receptors located in the lungs
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Carotid artery.
The carotid artery is a major blood vessel that supplies blood to the head and neck. It can be felt as a pulse on either side of the neck, just below the jawline.
Choice A is wrong because the subclavian artery is located below the clavicle (collarbone) and cannot be felt as a pulse on the neck.
Choice C is wrong because the brachiocephalic artery is a large vessel that branches into the right subclavian and right carotid arteries. It is located deep in the chest and cannot be felt as a pulse on the neck.
Choice D is wrong because the basilar artery is a vessel that forms at the base of the brain from the union of the two vertebral arteries. It cannot be felt as a pulse on the neck.
The normal range for pulse rate in adults is 60 to 100 beats per minute.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Vena cava. The vena cava is a large vein that carries blood from the body to the heart. It has two branches: the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava, which drain blood from the upper and lower half of the body respectively.
Choice A is wrong because the jugular vein is a vein that drains blood from the head and neck.
It is not the vessel that carries blood from the whole body to the heart.
Choice C is wrong because the hepatic vein is a vein that drains blood from the liver.
It is not the vessel that carries blood from the whole body to the heart.
Choice D is wrong because the femoral vein is a vein that runs along the thigh and drains blood from the lower limb.
It is not the vessel that carries blood from the whole body to the heart.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The esophagus is located in the thoracic cavity, which is the space between the lungs and the chest wall. The thoracic cavity also contains the heart, aorta, trachea, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes.
Choice A is wrong because the ventral cavity is a general term for the body cavity that includes the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Choice B is wrong because the abdominal cavity is the space below the diaphragm that contains the stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
Choice D is wrong because the dorsal cavity is another general term for the body cavity that includes the cranial and spinal cavities.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Pulmonary vein. This is because the pulmonary vein is the only vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The blood then enters the left atrium of the heart and then the left ventricle.
Choice B. Inferior vena cava is wrong because it carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the right atrium of the heart.
Choice C. Aorta is wrong because it carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the rest of the body.
Choice D. Pulmonary artery is wrong because it carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.
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